Prolapse refers to the descent or drooping of organs from their normal position, commonly affecting the pelvic organs like the uterus, bladder, rectum, and vagina. When non-surgical treatments don’t provide relief, surgery may be recommended to repair the prolapsed organs. This guide provides an overview of the various types of prolapse surgeries, risks, benefits, and post-operative care.

Types of Prolapse

• Cystocele (bladder prolapse): Occurs when the bladder drops into the vagina
• Rectocele (rectal prolapse): When the rectum pushes against and moves the back wall of the vagina
• Uterine prolapse: The descent of the uterus into the vaginal canal
• Vaginal vault prolapse: The top of the vagina (vault) drops after a hysterectomy
• Enterocele: When the small bowel pushes against the upper wall of the vagina

Types of Prolapse Surgery

1. Vaginal Approach

• Anterior and Posterior Colporrhaphy: Used for cystoceles and rectoceles, this procedure tightens the tissues and muscles of the vaginal wall
• Vaginal Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus through the vagina when there is uterine prolapse
• Vaginal Vault Suspension: Addresses vaginal vault prolapse by attaching the top of the vagina to ligaments or the sacrum

2. Abdominal Approach

• Sacral Colpopexy: Used primarily for vaginal vault prolapse, it involves attaching the top of the vagina to the sacrum using mesh
• Abdominal Hysterectomy: Removal of the uterus through an incision in the abdomen

3. Laparoscopic and Robotic-Assisted Surgery

• These are minimally invasive approaches that use small incisions, a camera, and specialized instruments. They can be used for various types of prolapse surgeries.

4. Obliterative Surgery

• Colpocleisis: Partial or total closure of the vaginal canal, suitable for women who no longer desire vaginal intercourse. It treats and prevents prolapse recurrence.

Benefits of Prolapse Surgery

• Relief from symptoms: Reduced pain, pressure, or a feeling of fullness
• Improved bladder and bowel function
• Enhanced sexual satisfaction: Repair can resolve discomfort or pain during intercourse.
• Restored anatomy: The organs return to their normal position.

Risks and Complications

Like all surgeries, prolapse surgeries carry risks:

• Bleeding
• Infection
• Pain
• Organ injury
• Formation of fistulas (abnormal connections between organs)
• Mesh-related complications (when mesh is used)
• Recurrence of prolapse
• Urinary incontinence

Preparing for Surgery

• Medical evaluation: Ensure you’re a suitable candidate for surgery.
• Quit smoking: Reduces complications
• Manage chronic conditions: Such as diabetes or hypertension
• Medication: Discuss with your doctor any medications you’re on.

Post-Operative Care

• Activity restrictions: Avoid heavy lifting or strenuous activities for a certain period.
• Avoid sexual intercourse: Typically for 6-8 weeks or as directed by your surgeon
• Follow-up: Regular check-ups to monitor healing
• Pelvic floor exercises: Strengthen pelvic muscles and support recovery.

Our Surgeons are Female Pelvic Health Experts

Prolapse surgery is a potential solution for individuals with organ prolapse causing discomfort or functional problems. Always discuss with a specialist to determine the best approach, understand the risks and benefits, and ensure optimal post-operative recovery.

Our double board-certified urogynecologists are uniquely qualified to treat prolapse. Call us today at 770.721.6060 or request a free consultation online.